Charles Edward Stuart (31 December 1720 - 31 January 1788), was commonly known in Britain during his lifetime as The Young Pretender, and Bonnie Prince Charlie. He was the second Jacobite pretender to the thrones of England, Scotland, and Ireland. He was born in Italy and was the eldest son of James Francis Edward Stuart, who was the son of James II of England. Charles instigated the unsuccessful Jacobite uprising of 1745, in which he led an insurrection to restore his family to the throne of the Great Britain, which ended in defeat at the Battle of Culloden. That battle that ended the Jacobite cause. Charles's flight from Scotland after the uprising has rendered him a romantic figure of heroic failure in some later representations. In 1759 he was involved in a French plan to invade Britain which was abandoned following British naval victories.
